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Tianjin is a municipality directly administered by the Central Government. As the
largest industrial and commercial city as well as the largest coastal open city in northern China, it has long enjoyed
the reputation as the ‘Pearl on the Bohai Sea’.
Location:
Between 38º degree 34’ to 40º 15’ North latitude and from 116º 43’ to 118º 4’ East longitude, located in the
north-eastern
part of the North China plain and the lower reaches of the Haihe River, Tianjin is 120 kilometres east
of Beijing and has a land mass of 11,919.7 square kilometres. Tianjin is subdivided into 13 districts and five counties.
Area: 11,919.7 square kilometres.
Climate: Tianjin climate is typically features of the warm temperate zone, with warm, semi-humid, semi-dry and with
monsoon periods. The average temperature in the whole year is 12.3º Centigrade. The annual waterfall is 561.3
millimetres.
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Provincial capital: Tianjin
Population: 10,010,000 (2001 March)
Ethnic
groups: A total of 22 ethnic groups reside in Tianjin.
Agriculture: Increased investment in agriculture, strengthened by scientifically guided techniques, along
with increased irrigation works, speeded up the progress of agricultural modernisation. The gross agriculture product
was Renminbi/Yuan15.314-billion, up by 5.7% than previous year, of farming Renminbi/Yuan9.414-billion, up by 4.9%; of
animal breeding Renminbi/Yuan4.264-billion, up by 7.7%; of fishery Renminbi/Yuan1.532-billion, up by 5.9%.
Industry: Following the founding of the PRC (People's
Republic of China) the Tianjin industrial base has been expanded following reforms and invitation of external world
investment. Today the industrial sector includes 180 categories, 36 large base enterprises in machinery, electronics,
chemical industry and metallurgy has been created. There are 12,000 industry enterprises in Tianjin with Gross National
Product (GNP) RMB/Y283.821-billion which is 4 times that of 1990.
Tianjin is a municipality directly
administered by the Central Government. As the largest industrial and commercial city as well as the largest coastal
open city in northern China, it has long enjoyed the reputation as the ‘Pearl on the Bohai Sea’.
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History: The city Tianjin has a long history. When the Great Canal was opened in
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Tianjin's large natural harbour |
around the year of 610 in the Sui Dynasty (581-618), Tianjin became a major hub of transportation
linking the river and sea in North China. In 1404 of the Yongle Period of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), Tianjin became
to be built as a city called ‘Tianjinwei’.
After
the 17th Century, the scope of urban areas in Tianjin expanded continuously along with further economic and social
development in the area. In the middle of the 19th Century, troops of the Western imperialist powers landed at Tianjin
and marched on Beijing, forcing the corrupt Qing Dynasty government to declare Tianjin as an open trading port in 1860.
Between 1860 through 1943, the city was largely
under the control of nine foreign countries. In 1986, it was opened as a trading port for foreign commercial operations.
Since then, its industrial production and foreign trade have developed rapidly, and Tianjin has been able to become
China's second largest industrial and commercial city next only to Shanghai and also an economic hub in North China.
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Resources: Tianjin is rich in natural resources having two important oil and natural gas fields of
the State, namely the Bohai Sea Oil and Natural Gas Field and the Dagang Oil and Natural Gas Field which produce more
than 5 million tons of crude oil and 650 million cubic metres of natural gas annually.
With a coastline of more than 130 kilometres, a quarter of China's annual salt production is
produced in Tianjin. Under the ground of 72 square kilometres of Tianjin is a vast deposit of coal with reserves
estimated at 680-million tons, with a coal layer some 530 metres deep.
In an area of hundreds of square kilometres, a hot spring of 110.3-billion cubic metres, whose
temperatures range between 30º and 90º Centigrade are also optimal for exploitation. This geothermal source has been the
largest medium- and low temperature geothermal field ever discovered in China.
Tianjin has 20 varieties of minerals that include manganese, gold, tungsten, molybdenum and
copper. Most of these minerals are of sufficient quantity for exploitation. Tianjin covers a total area of land of
1.19197 million hectares, including 495,530 ha of cultivated land. Between the city proper and the coastal zone, there
exists a barren land area of nearly 200 sq km, where transport conditions are good and development costs are low.
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Industry: One of the earliest major Chinese cities to welcome the world-wide investment, Tianjin
has improved its investment environment and has become a hot spot attracting foreign investment. Many first rate
international financial groups and giant companies have a good prospect of investing in Tianjin.
A large number of overseas companies, including Motorola, Otis and
Mobil - US, NEC, Honda and Yamaha - Japan, Siemens, Henkel and Volkswagen - Germany, Samsang Electronics and Daewoo
Electronics - Korea, Shell UK, Remy Martin - France, Nestle - Switzerland, Zanussi - Italy, Novo Nordisk - Denmark,
Chiatai Group - Thailand, and Kerry and Shun Tak - HongKong, have established enterprises in Tianjin. |
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